Difference Between Functional Manager and Project Manager

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FUNCTIONAL MANAGER AND A PROJECT MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER 1. He is in-charge of a firm’s functional depts. Such as marketing, engg., or finance. 2. They are more skilled at analysis. Such heads are specialists in certain areas only. 3. They are analytical in approach (breaking the system into smaller and smaller elements) and they know something abt. the operation for which they are responsible. 4. In case of any difficulty, they know how to analyze and attack it. 5. They are administratively responsible for deciding how something will be done, who is going to do it, and what resources will be devoted to accomplish a task. 6. He is a direct, technical supervisor. 7. He†¦show more content†¦The project may also be stopped because it is unsuccessful. For eg: If a medicine is prepared for a disease but selling at higher rate and in the market there are other medicines at lower rate for same disease then launching of this new medicine may not benefit and this project may be carried on further. 2. Termination by addition: Most projects are inhouse i.e. carried out by project team for the use in parent organization. If a project is a major success it is terminated by the parent organization. For eg: Suppose the Maths dept creates a BSc[IT] course taken as a project. Now if after several years the BSc[IT] course can run on its own, then the Maths dept can terminate this BSc[IT] project which can be considered as a full fledged dept. now. 3. Termination by intefration: This method of terminating a project is most common and it is done when the complexity arises. The property equipment, material, personnel and functions of the project are distributed among existing element of the parent organization. The output of the project becomes the std. part of operating system of the parent or client For eg: The merger of global trust bank with oriental bank is termination by integration. Following points must be considered when the project functions are distributed during integration. a. Personnel: Where wil the project team go? Will it remain a team. B. Manufacturing: Is the trainingShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Of Functional Managers919 Words   |  4 PagesStructures relates to Project Management Functional managers have specialties such as engineering and manufacturing. They are usually selected for their technical expertise and ability to control the day to day operations. Functional Managers are considered cross-functional team and are self-directed to assign to a specific task. This type of management have different responsibilities, but all work to perform the same function of the department. Leadership within functional managers is essential, itRead MoreChapter 10 Review Questions961 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the difference between leading and managing a project? Leading involves recognizing and communicating the need to change course and direction of the project, aligning people to this new direction, and motivating the team to overcome obstacles to achieve the new objectives. Managing is about formulating plans and objectives, designing procedures to achieve those objectives, monitoring progress, and taking corrective action. Managing is about putting out fires and maintaining the courseRead MoreUse Of Mintzberg s Management Roles1356 Words   |  6 Pagesobjectives but also the non-tangible goals and objectives such as completing the project on time and without any overrun. 3.4 Management Roles Based on the research interview, Jacobs is also using Mintzberg’s management roles within 3 categories: †¢ Decisional Roles Both top and middle managers of Jacobs Australia have decisional roles to do. The top management is generally involved on deciding when to initiate new projects or programs and approve significant other organisational decisions. However bothRead MoreProject Management1673 Words   |  7 Pagesare those, which focus on the tangible results of the project. They require specific domain knowledge, tools, and techniques in order to complete the work. An example would be the creation of a software application package. 4. Describe the initiating processes. Give one example of an initiating process to support a particular phase of oil exploration project methodology. The initiating process signals the beginning of the project or phase. It requires an organization to make a commitmentRead MoreThe Principal Reasons Why Management Has Become Such A Popular Business Tool1118 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the principal reasons why project management has become such a popular business tool in recent years. (Objective 1.1) Business has changed greatly in the last 20-30 years. The introduction of global competition has forced businesses to find new ways to gain a competitive advantage, whether it be new or improved products (as product life cycles have shortened), cost reductions (perhaps through a new MIS), or just improving the customer experience. With Project Management, companies have theRead MoreProject Management Written Assignment 1 Essay examples803 Words   |  4 Pages2012-02-MAN-435-OL009: Project Management Written Assignment 1 1. Discuss the principal reasons why project management has become such a popular business tool in recent years. Business has changed in the past 20 or so years. Products are being produced more rapidly and with the introduction of globalization competition has become more abundant. There is a need to become more customer focused but at the same time quicker to market while still reducing cost. Doing business the old way isRead MoreStrategic Design At Dynacorp Corporation1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe challenges, a series of investigations were carried out among not only the employees but also the company competitors. After the thorough inquiries,the serious shortcomings of the organisation structure have been identified. Dynacorp adapted functional structure since it was established. The company has three divisions which are engineering, manufacturing and marketing. The precondition of the company’s development is that each division work closely with one another. Whereas one of serious problemsRead MoreCase Study : Project Human Resources1447 Words   |  6 Pages3 – Project Human Resources: Establishment of different types of organisations is very important to avoid several potential conflicts related with project (Burke, 2013). 3.1 – Appropriate Project Organisational Structure and Participants’ Responsibilities: According to Edwards, P. Bowen, P. (2013) there are different types of project organisational structures which establish different relations between different stakeholders. Following are the best known types of project organisational structure:Read More Organizational Structures Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagespoint of view the main concerns are ensuring effective communication and coordination. In respects to project management there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and matrix structure. We will take a look into each of these structures to better identify the similarities and differences between them. Functional Structure In a functional arrangement, power or status is defined by a vertical hierarchy. This structure clearly defines theRead MoreOrganizational Structures820 Words   |  4 Pagespoint of view the main concerns are ensuring effective communication and coordination. In respects to project management there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and matrix structure. We will take a look into each of these structures to better identify the similarities and differences between them. Functional Structure In a functional arrangement, power or status is defined by a vertical hierarchy. This structure clearly defines the

Critically Examine How a ‘Sector Matrix’ Framework Is...

Critically examine how a ‘sector matrix’ framework is useful for analysing demand and supply linkages. Use two contrasting examples. From Industry Value Chain to Sector Matrix Introduction Deviating from the industry value chain first introduced by Porter (1985) and later adapted by Gereffi (1996), a fairly recent alternative has been established by Froud, Haslam, Johal amp; Williams (1998) called the ‘sector matrix’. Until about a decade ago competitive focus was on the production process, the steps taken to develop a product being the ‘primary’ activities and company strategies outlined as ‘support’ activities. With continually increasing complexity within corporations, new and more innovative means of analysis are required. A†¦show more content†¦One will see differences in value chains of firms within the same industry sometimes, as the variance from company to company depends on differences in strategic approach and whether or not the firms have the same breed of vertical supply linkages. Analysis, being constrained by the aspects mentioned above, means the strategic options of a company are limited. Additionall y, the value chain can only provide valid analyses to firms which operate within a single industry, defined by common technology (Haslam et al, 2000) (see Figure 1, p. 1). Further, if the company at hand is pertinent to this form of analysis, only the processes from acquiring any raw material to finished manufacture are involved. Sector Matrix The matrix Froud et al introduced in response to these short chains is a more complex system which adapts to more intricate networks of manufacturing and production. This new scheme succeeds Gereffi’s studies on global commodity chains, which contributed to the initial development of additional chain analysis types but still followed an overly simple linear concept (Froud et al, 1998). Sector matrix focuses specifically on the extension of linear production chains. In developing a sector matrix, Froud et al â€Å"choose to start from demand,† and they believe â€Å"it is logical to suggest, therefore, that the limits of the sector should be defined by patterns ofShow MoreRelatedCritically Examine How Useful the ‘Sector Matrix’ Framework Is2117 Words   |  9 PagesCritically examine how useful the ‘sector matrix’ framework is for analysing demand and supply linkages in all industries. Use two contrasting examples In recent years several frameworks have been developed for analyzing product markets and competitive advantages of companies. Many academic authors have tried to explain what gives competitive advantage in certain industries and how companies inside these industries should restructure in order to achieve greater profitability. This essay isRead MoreAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagesï » ¿ABSTRACT This study attempted to estimate the environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the mining sector in Nigeria. It is argued that only those countries that have reached a certain income level can absorb new technologies and benefit from technology diffusion, and thus reap the extra advantages that FDI can offer. The mining industry in Nigeria is dominated by oil. Indeed, Nigeria is the largest producer of this commodity in Africa and sixth largest producers in the world. This researchRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesEvolution and Revolution in the Hi-Fi Sector Amazon.com ï £ ©2007 - Early 2009 The Formula 1 Constructors Web Reservations International: Challenging Industry Norms Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? Hermes Fund Management, Total and Premier Oil: The Responsibility and Accountability of Business From Small Town Pharmacy to a Multinational Corporation: Pierre Fabre, Culture as a Competitive Advantage Cordia LLP: Service Ref orm in the Public Sector 170 175 180 183 193 196 201 207 213Read MoreLearning from the Fashion Industry: a Structured Literature Review39302 Words   |  158 PagesCRANFIELD UNIVERSITY ELEFTHERIA DIMITRAKOU LEARNING FROM THE FASHION INDUSTRY: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW CRANFIELD CENTRE FOR LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT MSc THESIS CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY CRANFIELD SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT CRANFIELD CENTRE FOR LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT MSc THESIS Academic Year 2006-2007 ELEFTHERIA DIMITRAKOU Learning from the Fashion Industry: A Structured Literature Review Supervisor: Dr. Chris Morgan August 2007 This thesis isRead MoreMba Outline16812 Words   |  68 Pagesstudents with an overview of how accounting data is used in making business decisions. The subject covers a broad range of topics including the regulatory framework of accounting, preparation and analysis of financial statements, investment analysis and ethics in accounting. It provides students with basic skills, knowledge and attitudes that enable them to process financial data, to analyse and interpret accounting reports, and to present the results within an ethical framework, to financial decisionRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesproductivity The use of ratios Analysing ratios and trends Ratios and interfirm comparison vi CONTENTS 3.13 3.14 A strategic approach Summary 112 116 117 119 119 120 128 136 139 149 153 159 165 167 169 169 170 174 182 188 192 202 214 215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The natureRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesIntroduction What is Strategy? What is Strategic HRM? How is Strategic HRM Different from Other Aspects of HRM? How Does Research Show that Strategic HRM Adds Value to an Organisation? How Does Strategic HRM Support the Management of Change? Who Holds the Responsibility for Strategic HRM? When is it Appropriate to Create a Dedicated HR Function? Vertical Integration and Human Resources Strategy Introduction What are the Benefits of Vertical Integration? How do we Promote the Vertical Integration of Our HRRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesto customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Hence it can be surmised that marketing is basically meeting unmet needs for target markets, identifying those unmet needs and planning how to meet them through products, services, and ideas. Communicating the value to them along with pricing which is affordable and profitable and also distributing the products so that customers have appropriate accessibility and have quick and easy deliveryRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 PagesAcquiring customers Making the most of channels Managing customer relationships Legal compliance and ethics in marketing and sales The bottom line — measuring the effectiveness of marketing and sales Introduction Subject aims In a competitive, demand-driven financial services environment, an understanding of sales and marketing is crucial to success. This subject provides an understanding of the key elements of sales and marketing, with a focus on market evaluation, strategy, customer acquisitionRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experience

Inclusion Essay Example For Students

Inclusion Essay Educational PsychologyInclusionWhat a society feels about its diverse membership, particularly about citizens who are different, is expressed in the institutions of that society. A close look at the major institutions of our society the schools, the legislatures, and the courts should tell us a lot about the place of exceptional children in our society. In the category of exceptional children one would find a list of any and every child that requires education in academic matters as well as life skills. These children must work at things that average society takes for granted. Out of this group of exceptional children has risen a disability that is drawing more and more attention known as Down Syndrome. The obvious reason for Down Syndrome children to come to the forefront is their parents. By this I mean that studies have shown that a couple with two or more college degrees among them are more likely to have a Downs baby then that of a couple of high school drop outs. This odd occurrence has lead to more affluent families to give birth to one or more Downs babies. The limitations facing a Downs child will affect the childs whole life and it is the environmental circumstances around him that determine how he fares in life. Included in these circumstances are his family and their unity and maybe most importantly his level of education. In our society education plays a big part in all we do and this serves no difference for the Downs child. As we look back in time, we find that the notion of educating every child to achieve his or her greatest potential is a relatively new concept. The current use of the term exceptional is itself a reflection of the radical changes in societies views of people whom differ from the norm. The world has come along way from the Spartans practice of killing infants who did not meet their standards of normalcy, but the journey has been slow, moving from neglect and mistreatment, to pity and overprotection and finally to acceptance and integration to the fullest extent possible. The phrase Acceptance and integration into society to the fullest extent possible has been the topic of the most heated arguments in education today. The term integration has grown to include such devices as inclusion and mainstreaming. Although the U.S. has come a long way from the 1850s when 60 percent of people living in poor houses would today have been classified as exceptional. The argument presented is have we done too much or not near enough? Proponents of inclusion believe that all children, regardless of disability or intensity of exceptionality, should be educated in general education environments. They assume that all students, including those with mild, moderate, or severe disabilities, should be educated with peers of the same age and in schools in their neighborhoods. To some advocates of inclusion any placement other than in the regular classroom posses a serious threat of putting a child at risk for an inferior education and deprives the child of the social relationships that can be nurtured in the general education settings. The overarching concern for those supporting inclusion seems to be the social relationships of the child with disabilities, rather than mastery of certain academic and technical skills. This strain falls in line with their idea of total social integration of all society. Inclusion visionaries will claim if we isolate these k ids, during school age years, they will never be fully excepted by society. The inclusion fire does not burn without opposition. The most influential of this opposition is the Learning Disabilities Association of America (LDA). The LDAs view of inclusion is quite different. LDA believes that the appropriate place for many students with learning disabilities, especially Down Syndrome, is with a special education instructor. The LDA assume, these kids often need alternative instructional environments or teaching strategies that can not or will not be provided within the context of the regular classroom. The LDA is the most obvious bargaining force of special educators. The LDA believes that for the most part and especially in the case of the Downs child, the child benefits most by being under the instruction of an individual trained in the field of special education. They argue that the reason people push for inclusion is so that. Social association will occur. Yet, most case studies show that peers do not except the child. Instead the child is more rejected t han if he or she were instructed separate and just meet with peers in a more social context. .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 , .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .postImageUrl , .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 , .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:hover , .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:visited , .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:active { border:0!important; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:active , .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856 .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bee1982667f25f8cc4428b0724e1856:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In The Next Twenty Years, The World Will Have Solved The Major Problem EssayThis rejection is the basis for the third side of the conflict. Those involved in the side of the debate say ask the child how he or she feels about the other two parties here. The forces here state that research has shown the stress felt by regular education teachers to make adaptations for students with disabilities effects the over all class. Like the scene in the middle of fifth period, and Sabrina Smith, a student who has Cerebral Palsy, needs to go to the bathroom. She interrupts Carol Masterson, her teacher, who is giving instructions for a writing assignment to her seventh-grade class at Co ats Middle School. Ms. Masterson, I need to go now, Sabrina Smith says haltingly, as her right hand operates the control to direct her electric wheelchair to the hallway door. Okay, Sabrina. Masterson says. She knows Sabrina is physically unable to wait until later to go to the bathroom. She tells the other 35 students in class to begin writing on the assignment and walks quickly down the hall in pursuit of Sabrina. We dont even know what were supposed to write about yet! says Sal Rio, a tall boy who sits near the front, as Masterson walks by. Just write Sal, Masterson responds. Just write. This is just a small excerpt of one case study in favor of both the LDA and those that believe in allowing the individual child make their own decision. In all fairness all these groups have points in their favor as well as points against. Neither group denies the legitimacy of the others priorities. The issue is which should have precedence. Since the ideologies behind inclusion and the concept itself are fairly new, it was an idea that was not dealt with by the great thinkers and theorists of educational psychology. Yet it is possible to take their writings and see just how these thoughts applied to inclusion. For instance, Piaget was found to have said, As we develop we are also interacting with people around us. According to Piaget, our cognitive development is influenced by social transmission, or learning from others. From this it is easy to argue that Piaget would have wanted some degree of inclusion to help promote these students social transmission with other students. Another theorist we are able to tie into inclusion is Vygotsky. Vygotskys Sociocultrual Perspective was one that asserts that cognitive development hinges on social interaction and the development of language. It is plausible that social interaction could have been obtained by exceptional children in contact with others like themselves. The develop ment of language clause shows evidence that it would be better for these kids to exchange with regular kids, who more often than not have a better grasp of language. With this in hand, although the connection may be seen as vague, I would like to believe that these two would have been advocates for some degree of inclusion. Based on my readings and findings along with my own personal experience of being a student, I follow the notion that these students should only be mainstreamed if they can make the choice themselves and feel comfortable about the decision. If not that, there should at least be some type of standardized test to prevent students incapable of inclusion from being put in the situation. I can not agree with placing a Down Syndrome student in regular classes just so their parents or the administrators can make the statement that the child is attending regular classes. In the case of a Down Syndrome student there is no getting around the physical differences so we can not expect immediate acceptance. It is a well-known fact that a few years ago people called their condition Mongoloid Disease. Their physical appearance makes it hard for them to blend in compared to other learning disability students. Furthermore to have a child in a room where the only attention they receive is negative or full of pity should be considered as cruel and unusual punishment. Some kids get absolutely nothing positive out of being in inclusion programs. At the same times I do realize there are some kids that get nothing out of special education classes because they are so far ahead of their peers. In most cases the special needs of the exceptional child are found aggravating by the teacher or makes the other students feel cheated and resentful. .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae , .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .postImageUrl , .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae , .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:hover , .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:visited , .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:active { border:0!important; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:active , .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd8935224744d08997b34f7511dce4ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ROBERT Frost has been EssayIn closing I would like to say that if the true intent of inclusion is to get Down Syndrome and other exceptional children to be accepted and sociable with their peers, then these programs should bring regular kids into special education classes. This way the regular student may get a better understanding of the exceptional student. The inclusion of an exceptional child into a regular classroom should be based on some tangible method like an exam. That way the students right to be there is earned by more than age much like the regular students who must past the pre requisite studies for that subject. Finally, classrooms are places where knowledge is to be obtained and or shared. If we are looking to achieve social acceptance then these programs should take place in a more social environment.

Theorems Essays (790 words) - Quadrilaterals, Elementary Geometry

Theorems Postulate1-3--given AB and a # r between 0 and 180, there is exactly one ray w/ endpoint A, extending on each side of AB, such that the measure of the angle formed is r postulate1-4--if r is in the interior of pqs, then Mpqr+Mrqs=Mpqs.if Mpqr+Mrqs then R is in thr interior of angle pqs postulate 2-2--through any 3 points not on the same line there is exactly one plane law of detachment--if P--*Q is a true conditional and P is true, then Q is true law of syllogism--if P--*Q and Q--*R are true conditionals, then P--*R is also true theorem2-1--congruence of segments is reflexive, symmetric and transitive theorem2-2--if 2 angles form a linear pair, then they r supplementary angles theorem2-3--congruence of angles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive theorem2-4--angles supplementary to the same angle or to the congruent angles r congruent theorem2-5--angles complementary to the same angle or to congruent angles r congruent theorem2-6--all right angles r congruent theorem2-7--vertical angles r congruent theorem2-8--perpindicular lines intersect to form 4 right angles skew lines-2 lines r skew if they don't intersect and r not in the same plane postulate3-1-- if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal, then each pair of corresponding angles is congruent theorem3-1--if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate interior angles in congruent theorem3-2--if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal, then each pair of consec. int. angles is supp. theorem3-3--if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate ext. angles is congruent theorem3-4--in a plane, if a line is perp. to 1 of 2 // lines, then it is perp. to the other postulate3-4--2 nonvertical lines have the same slope if and only if they r //. postulate3-5--2 nonvertical lines r perp. if and only if the product of their slopes is -1 theorem4-3--the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the 2 remote interior angles CPCTC- 2 triangles r congruent if and only if their corresponding parts r congruent theorem4-4--congruence of triangles is reflexive, transitive and symmetric theorem4-6--if 2 sides of a triangle r congruent, then the angles opp. the sides r congruent theorem4-7--if 2 angles of a triangle r congruent, then the sides opp. those angles r congruent theorem4-3--a triangle is equilateral if and only if it is equiangular theorem5-1 a point on the perp. bisector of a seg. is equidistant from the endpoints of the seg. theorem5-2--a point equidistant from the endpoints of a seg. lies in the perp. bisector of the seg. theorem5-3--a point on the bisector of an angle is equidistant from the sides of the angle theorem5-4--a point in the interior of or on an angle and equidistant from the sides of an angle lies on the bisector of the angle theorem5-5--if the legs of 1 rt. triangle r congruent to the corr. legs of another rt. triangle, then the triangles r congruent theorem5-6--if the hypotenuse and an acute angle of 1 rt. triangle r congruent to the hyp. and corr. acute angle of another rt. triangle, then the 2 triangles r congruent theorem5-9--if 1 side of a triangle is longer than the other side,then the angle opp. the longer side is greater than the angle opp. the shorter side theorem5-11--the perp.seg. froma point to a line is ythe shortest seg. from the point to the line theorem5-12--the sum of the lenghts of any 2 sides of a triangle is greater than the lenght of the third side theorem6-1--opp. sides and angles of a parallelogram r congruent theorem6-4--the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other theorem6-5--if both pairs of opp. sides of a quad. r congruent, the the quad is a parallelogram theorem6-6--if 1 pair of opp. sides of a quad. r both parallel and congruent, then the quad. is a parallelogram theorem6-7--if the diagonals of a quad. bisect each other, then the quad. is a parallelogram theorem6-8--if both pairs of opp. angles in a quad r congruent,then the quad is a parallelogram theorem6-9--if a paralellogram is a rectangle then its diagonals r congruent theorem6-10--the diagonals of a rhombus r perp. theorem6-11--each diagonal of a rhombus bisects a pair of opp. angles theorem6-12--both pairs of base angles of an isoceles trapezoid r congruent theorem6-13--the diagonals of an isoceles trapezoid r congrient theorem6-14--the mediand of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and its measure is one half the sum of the measures of the bases.

How Money Is Used, Raised, And Wasted In Washington Essays (2792 words

How money is used, raised, and wasted in Washington As many Federal departments and agencies lurch into an era of running without funds, the leaders of both parties of Congress are spending less and less time searching for a compromise to balance the budget, and more and more time deciding how to use it to their advantage on the campaign trail. Meanwhile money is easily borrowed to pay for government overhead. In an attempt to change this, on June 29, Congress voted in favor of HConRes67 that called for a 7 year plan to balance the Federal Budget by the year 2002 (Hager 1899). This would be done by incorporating $894 billion in spending cuts by 2002, with a projected 7 year tax cut of $245 billion. If this plan were implemented, in the year 2002, the U.S. Government would have the first balanced budget since 1969. There is doubt by citizens that a balanced budget will become reality. A recent Gallop Poll from January, 1996 showed the budget as the #1 concern among taxpayers, but 4/5 of those interviewed said they doubt the GOP will do the job (Holding 14). Meanwhile, an ABC poll from November reported that over 70% of those polled disapprove of the current performance by Congress, and most blamed politicians for failure to take action (Cloud 3709). These accusations of failure to follow through come with historical proof that Congress and Clinton have failed to compromise and resolve the issue. After all, current budget plans are dependent on somewhat unrealistic predictions of avoiding such catastrophes as recession, national disasters, etc., and include minor loopholes. History has shown that every budget agreement that has failed was too lax. One might remember the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill that attempted to balance the budget, but left too many exemptions, and was finally abandoned in 199 0 (Weinberger 33). S o after a pain-staking trial for GOP Republicans to create, promote, and pass their budget, as promised on campaign trail 94, Clinton rejected the very bill he demanded. This essentially brought the federal budget back to square one. Clinton thought such a demand on Republicans to produce a budget would produce inner-party quarrels and cause the GOP to implode. Instead, they produced a fiscal budget that passed both houses of Congress, only to be stalemated by a stubborn Democratic President Clinton. Meanwhile, Clinton bounced back with a CBO scored plan with lighter, less risky cuts to politically sensitive areas like entitlements. Clinton's plan also saved dollars for education and did not include a tax increase, but most cuts would not take effect until he is out of office, in the year 2001. Although Clinton is sometimes criticized for producing a stalemate in budget talks, the White House points out that the debt has gone down since Clinton took office, with unemployment also fal ling. Republicans are quick to state that Clinton originally increased taxes in 1993 and cut defense programs, but his overall plan was for an increasing budget without deficit reduction. Startling Facts about the budget: As of 1996, the national debt was at an all time high of $5 trillion dollars, with interest running at a whopping $250 billion per year (Rau M-1). This equals out to an individual responsibility of more than $50,000 per taxpayer. Nearly 90% of that debt has accumulated since 1970, and between 1980 and 1995, the debt grew by 500%. Currently, the debt grows by more than $10,000 per second (Rau M-l), and at current rates, a baby born in 1992 will pay 71% of his or her income in net taxes. At current rates, our government is about to reach its breaking point. If that's not enough to scare a taxpayer, by 2002, 60% of government spending will be for entitlements, and by 2012, these programs are projected to take up all government revenue (Dentzer 32). Not only economic development, but also family income is hurt by debt. With the cost of living going up, it becomes harder to find a job. According to the Concord Coalition, real wages peaked in 1973 and have gone down ever since. If the econ omy grew as fast as it did in 1950, without a debt, the median family income would be $50,000, compared to the

Guide on How to Write an Expository Essay All You Need to Know

Guide on How to Write an Expository Essay All You Need to Know What is an Expository Essay? An expository essay is a type of academic writing in which an author informs the audience about a particular idea, book, movie, event or series of events, or any other chosen subject. The central purpose of such type of essay is to research or investigate an idea while gathering enough supporting evidence and then presenting an understandable point of view or argument on the chosen topic. The expository essay requires a writer to do extensive research to provide a deep insight into the topic. Furthermore, an expository essay is a kind of writing that tends to explain, illustrate, or clarify something in a way that it becomes clear for readers. Contrary to other types of essay, a writer usually does not have a subjective opinion on a given topic. Thus, the writing style should be unbiased. Pay attention that expository essays are usually based on facts, and, therefore, a you should not include any of your personal feelings or emotions while writing such an essay. Types of an Expository Essay Although the primary goals remain the same, there are various types of an expository essay that you can write. Cause and Effect Essays. Undoubtedly, cause and effect papers are the most popular types of essays in academic writing. The main purpose of such works is to investigate the reasons that caused something and then, discuss the results or effects. Here, you need to answer the two key questions: â€Å"Why did something happen?† and â€Å"What is/might be the outcome of this?† The technique mentioned above will help you build a better cause-and-effect outline so that you would be able to write a meaningful essay. Problem and Solution Essays. Such essays are aimed at describing a problem related to a particular situation or topic and suggesting solutions or recommended actions to this problem. Such essays require you to examine the chosen subject from different angles and perspectives. That way you would be able to find the best solution for the given problem. Consequently, you need to convince your audience that the proposed solution is the best one. Comparison and Contrast Essays. A comparison and contrast essay requires you to choose several things and make a contrast between them. This type of expository essay focuses on the similarities and differences of two or more notions, objects, or any other options. You also need to make sure that the research of the given subject was done well enough so that you would be able to outline every aspect of it. Sometimes, you might be required to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chosen things or objects. Process Essays. Sometimes such essays are also called â€Å"how-to-essays.† Often, these essays are designed to explain a process or procedure of making or breaking something. In fact, such an essay provides a step-by-step approach to doing something. A process essay is often written in a chronological sequence. Such essays require the writer to have enough knowledge to explain the chosen process or procedure so that the common reader would easily comprehend it. All in all, among these types, you have to choose the most suitable type according to the instructions given by your professor or instructor. Finding a Suitable Topic for an Expository Essay The process of finding a suitable topic for an expository essay might seem difficult, however, in reality, it is not. Firstly, you should choose something that interests you or is relevant. Then, you proceed with finding the materials and sources for the chosen topics. You should thoroughly analyze them in order to use the information you gathered. In fact, the expository essay is, indeed, very versatile. There is a wide variety of topics to choose from, and, as a result, you can write about everything you find relevant or just simply like. Here is a list of topics that might give you a clear understanding of what you can choose to write about in the expository essay: The History of Starbucks; How to Start Loving Yourself? BTS, the Band That Changed K-Pop; The Role of Science in Our Lives; The Impact of Video Games on the Brain; How to Improve Your Writing Skills? Five Movies You Should Watch; How to Avoid Toxic Relationships? The Process of Making Beer; Why Are Scholars Important in Media Studies? The Use of Alternative Sources of Energy; Effects of Physical Exercise on the Cognitive Functions in Older Adults. Pre-writing Tips from Our Academic Writers As it was mentioned above, you should start working on your expository essay by choosing the topic of your interest or the topic which was given to you by the instructor. Then, you should find materials from which you would be taking necessary information. Depending on your type of expository essay, you should start by creating an outline to assist you in writing this particular piece of work. In addition, before writing, you should properly allocate your time. That means that you should clearly distribute a specific amount of time to work on each part of the essay. That way you would efficiently use your time, and the process of writing would only bring joy to you. There are many ways and approaches to write a great essay. Yet, almost all expository essays follow the same basic steps. For instance, one productive method of writing is called the POET method. An abbreviation stands for â€Å"Purpose, Organization, Evidence, Thesis.† â€Å"P† for Purpose. This step requires you to define the purpose of writing an expository essay. At most times, you are given a topic by your instructor or teacher. In other cases, it is up to you to select a particular topic. It should also be noted that strong essays are consistent throughout the whole structure. That means that you should never deviate from a central purpose of your expository essay. â€Å"O† for Organization. Your expository essay should be well-organized in five or more body paragraphs. Usually, an essay contains an introductory paragraph, main body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph. These components of an essay organization are of vital importance concerning the requirements of academic writing. â€Å"E† for Evidence. This point requires you to present an idea while backing it with the evidence from the outside sources. Moreover, your sources should be reputable and credible. When you use specific information to provide evidence that might be unknown to a common reader, then you should cite it properly. Referencing is very crucial as it demonstrates that you were thoroughly researching your topic. In addition, proper citing would also prevent you from accusations of plagiarism. â€Å"T† for Thesis. Apparently, a thesis statement is one of the essential parts of every essay. The thesis sentence or two include the main idea of your essay. Furthermore, it informs the reader about content and the main idea of the particular essay. The Beginning of Writing - Introduction Like other essays, an expository paper consists of an introductory paragraph, which includes the thesis statement and background information, the main body paragraphs that support the statement, and a conclusion paragraph that summarizes all central points and restates thesis statement. The primary purpose of an expository essay is to give a logical explanation of the selected object or phenomena. First and foremost, you should start writing your essay by creating an appropriate title. That means that you have to come up with a catchy topic that might turn out interesting for a majority of readers. Next, based on your topic, you should start writing an introductory paragraph. Introduction part provides an opportunity to make a first positive impression. A well-developed introductory paragraph consists of a hook sentence, context and background information, and a strong thesis statement. Hook. The first sentence of your essay informs the audience about your topic. This sentence might contain a quotation, statistics, some interesting facts, or anything else you find catchy. Here is an example of an excellent hook sentence: â€Å"Any achievement in business is never accomplished by a single person; a team of skilled members from diversified fields is always needed.† Background information. Here you should introduce the chosen topic because some readers might be unfamiliar with it. You could provide general information or history about the chosen topic or subject. Thesis statement. Undoubtedly, a thesis statement is one of the crucial things in your essay because it encompasses the whole idea of an expository essay. It might also serve as a guide for readers. Usually, your thesis statement is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph that presents an argument or a claim to the reading audience. The rest of the paper is aimed at gathering and organizing evidence that will support your thesis statement. For instance, you are writing an expository essay about the factors that fuel Syrian conflict, and you developed such thesis: â€Å"Therefore, the essay aims at examining the factors and their role in the conflict fueling since they require a profound analysis, which takes into account their interrelations.† This thesis is too general. It does not tell the reader where are you heading with it. Moreover, it does not address any specific examples or claims that will be described later in the essay. Alternatively, a strong thesis statement should look like this: â€Å"Even though The UN and other major world powers are willing to solve the Syrian conflict, the prediction for the positive outcome might be disrupted due to the factors of non-natural borders, propaganda, the role of the outside state, and the president’s biased actions.† Such a thesis statement gives a clear understanding of the exact factors which are going to be addressed in your expository essay. Main Body Body paragraphs are the most significant part of your expository essay. They present enough evidence on the arguments or claims stated in your thesis. Try to limit each paragraph to one idea. The number of paragraphs is not specified. However, you should write as much as you need to analyze the chosen topic thoroughly. In most cases, the recommended amount is varying from three to five paragraphs. In order to write great main body paragraphs, try to design them in the following manner: l Topic sentence - Fact - Supporting Sentence (evidence) - Conclusion Sentence The first sentence of each body paragraph is called a topic sentence. It announces what you are going to discuss in this paragraph. Moreover, when you mention facts discovered during your research on the topic, support them with appropriate evidence. However, do not forget to cite all the outside sources used in your expository essay. Otherwise, you will be accused of plagiarism. The last sentence of each body paragraph should summarize information stated in that paragraph. It is also important to use linking words as they make your essay coherent. In addition, they make your essay flow in an understandable manner from one point to another. Conclusion The last paragraph of your expository essay should contain the restatement of the thesis, summarized facts, and evidence provided in the main body paragraphs, or even propose the next steps for further research or discussion. It is here where you should restate your thesis statement. There is no need to include information that was stated in the introductory paragraph. Instead, try to summarize the key points and results that were researched and found by you in the main body. In addition, you should make sure that the final sentence in your expository essay should be rather a global statement based on the given information or a call to action that gives the reader a signal that the discussion has come to an end. Post-writing Tips After you are done with writing your expository essay, you should start proofreading and revising it. The first step would be revising grammar, punctuation, spelling, or style errors. Be sure to proofread each part of your expository essay. The next step would be removing repetitive sentences or words. Look for synonyms that can be used to make your essay look vivid. Also, revise your essay in such a way that it sounds coherent for you. Analyze the flow of your essay. A good way to check whether your expository essay is consistent will be reading it aloud. Then, you will definitely hear what parts are in need of revising. If some paragraphs seem redundant, cut information that is not specifically related to your topic. At last, check whether you have properly cited all the outside sources. References General Essay Writing Tips Essay Writing Center. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.internationalstudent.com/essay_writing/essay_tips/ How To Write An Expository Essay: Outline, Topics, Examples and Step-By-Step Guide Edussons blog. (2018). Retrieved from https://edusson.com/blog/expository-essay-exaples Kearney, V. (2018). 100 Expository Essay Topic Ideas, Writing Tips, and Sample Essays. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/academia/100-Expository-Essay-Topic-Ideas-Writing-Tips-and-Sample-Essays Tips on Writing an Excellent Expository Essay. Retrieved from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar-rules-and-tips/tips-on-writing-an-excellent-expository-essay.html Types of Expository Essays. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.goassignmenthelp.com.au/types-of-expository-essays/ What is an Expository Essay? BibMe Blog Citation Resources, Updates and More. (2018). Retrieved from bibme.org/blog/updates/what-is-an-expository-essay/

Causes of resistance to change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Causes of resistance to change - Essay Example There are four basic causes of resistance to change; lack of understanding creates fear of the unknown, different assessment normally happens when organization is making transition to newer technology and people develop irrational sense of doubt about their ability to adapt, self interest in the hope of keeping their job and trying to maintain status quo and finally low tolerance for change. As a manager, I would prefer to deal with the resistance that is developed as a result of lack of understanding because effective communication and proper dissemination of information is essential to dispel any doubts about their ability to adapt successfully to the changes thereby facilitating a change that is positive. If a person is undergoing DADA process, I would intervene mainly because the person has developed the syndrome as a result of lack of understanding and proper counselling would help him to adapt to the changes with more confidence and without any fear of the unknown thus mitigating his anger. Observable aspects of the organizational culture can be defined as a set of code of conduct for the individuals or groups operating under the broader umbrella of organizational values, beliefs and its mission and vision statement. â€Å"The observable level of culture, and consists of behavior patterns and outward manifestations of culture: perquisites provided to executives, dress codes, level of technology utilized..† (Schein, 1992). The people’s behaviour, dress code and interaction with each other also reflect the organization’s value system and shared belief. One can therefore, easily identify an organizational culture from an initial visit by observing the general code of behaviour. An organization with has high values and beliefs would be reflected in the sedate and amicable work atmosphere with well dressed individuals. The individuals and groups would be confidently working towards their vision statement with mutual cooperation